{"id":24671,"date":"2023-07-20T06:59:43","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T06:59:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theme-dev.cmsmasters.net\/newspaper\/?p=24671"},"modified":"2024-11-25T23:12:32","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T23:12:32","slug":"c-d-c-dismisses-airborne-transmission-of-monkeypox-there-are-new-versions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/c-d-c-dismisses-airborne-transmission-of-monkeypox-there-are-new-versions\/","title":{"rendered":"Gestational Maternal Undernutrition: Implications on Fetal Development, Cardiovascular Diseases and Prevention by Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"24671\" class=\"elementor elementor-24671\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-90ea007 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default cmsmasters-block-default\" data-id=\"90ea007\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc1a014\" data-id=\"dc1a014\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-127d52f cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"127d52f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SUMMARY<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1bdb5f cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1bdb5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>There are reported links between sub-optimal maternal nutrition and compromised fetal development and growth leading to<br \/>higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in adolescence and later stages of life. CVDs are a major cause of disease and<br \/>death in mankind and are an impediment to sustainable human development, globally. Recent reports suggest that about 17.9<br \/>million human deaths are caused by CVDs, annually (WHO, 2022). Among the various CVDs, the most prevalent one is coronary<br \/>artery disease (CAD). The CAD resulted in about 9 million deaths and affected 110 million people, in 2015 (WHO, 2022). The<br \/>health of a woman and her generations depends upon nutritional status, during pregnancy and lactation. The risks of progressing<br \/>insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and type-2 diabetes mellitus in later stages of life were likely greater in babies born with<br \/>low birth weights than those born with normal weights and not exposed to maternal malnutrition. Complementary alternative<br \/>medicine (CAM) often includes the use of dietary supplements, such as specific vitamins and minerals, to support the nutritional<br \/>needs of both the mother and the developing fetus. Herbal sources of iron, such as nettle (Urtica dioica) and yellow dock (Rumex<br \/>crispus), have been historically used to address anemia and improve iron status. A positive impact of Moringa oleifera<br \/>supplementation has been demonstrated on maternal nutritional status and birth outcomes. Galactagogue herbs like fenugreek<br \/>(Trigonella foenum-graecum) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) have been traditionally used to enhance milk production and<br \/>support breastfeeding mothers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-62e76e6 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default cmsmasters-block-default\" data-id=\"62e76e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-be32882\" data-id=\"be32882\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-493241f cmsmasters-widget-layout-row cmsmasters-widget-align-stretch cmsmasters-widget-direction-default cmsmasters-widget-marker-element-icon cmsmasters-widget-marker-view-default cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-cmsmasters-icon-list cmsmasters-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"493241f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"cmsmasters-icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item active-icon-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDepartment of Anatomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item active-icon-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDepartment of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item active-icon-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text-inner active-link-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text cmsmasters-widget-icon-list-item-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/drsarmadpk@uaf.edu.pk\">Corresponding author: drsarmadpk@uaf.edu.pk<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb03f26 cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bb03f26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">INTRODUCTION<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f99a4d cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f99a4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, like these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. I am alone, and feel the charm of existence in this spot, which was created for the bliss of souls like mine. A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul.<\/p><p>I am so happy, my dear friend, so absorbed in the exquisite sense of mere tranquil existence, that I neglect my talents. I should be incapable of drawing a single stroke at the present moment; and yet I feel that I never was a greater artist than now was a greater.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17ace3b cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17ace3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The World Health Organization <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1543343 cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1543343\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis chapter has been written to give a good insight into\nthe global incidence of maternal and child\nundernutrition, maternal under-nutritional effects on\nfetal development and CVD incidence, the link between CVDs\nand IMT, association of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)\nand CVDs, during pregnancy and optimal nutritional provisions\nduring pregnancy to avoid adverse effects of maternal\nundernutrition for improvement of overall health and wellbeing.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1157c7a cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1157c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">IMPACT OF GESTATIONAL MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION ON FETAL DEVELOPMENT\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ac62a7 cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ac62a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u201cIt is on the condition of the health of the mother that the\ncondition of the health of the child depends\u201d, Hippocrates stated. This is one of the very early reported references to the\nconcept that placental life has an effect on adult life. But the full\nconcept came into being as we know it in the 1930s, during this\nera substandard living conditions in infancy were linked to\npremature death, later. Further studies were carried out which\nlinked these substandard living conditions in early life to several\ncardiac disorders later in life when the living conditions were\nbetter this gave a hint that development in early life and the\nenvironment was rather important for the well-being of the\nindividual, in 1977 (Hanson, 2015).\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1b2b49 cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f1b2b49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tApproximately one-half of the world\u2019s total population is\naffected by maternal and child undernutrition (Ahmed et al.,\n2012). Maternal and child undernutrition causes 3\u00b75 million\ndeaths annually, 11% of worldwide disability-adjusted lifeyears (DALYs), and more than one-third of the disease burden in children (less than 5 years of age). Optimum and balanced\nmaternal nutrition is indispensable for proper fetal development\nand growth (Barker &#038; Clark 1997). Nutritional factors and\nproteins present in milk promote fetal growth in pregnant\nwomen (Borazjani et al., 2013). Ignorance, poverty, food\ninsecurity, infectious diseases, lack of proper feeding practices\nfor infants and young children, and poor sanitation and hygiene\nlead to the prevailing high levels of child and maternal\nundernutrition in developing nations. Maternal undernutrition is\nhighly prevalent in the resource-poor countries of southeast\nAsia, sub-Saharan Africa, and south-central Asia. Its prevalence\nin South Asia ranges from 10 to 40% (Ahmed et al., 2012;\nJouanne et al., 2021). \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c22a347 cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c22a347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPakistan being a developing country, about 12.5%\npopulation (28 million) faced undernourishment, in 2021 (FAO,\n2021). In Pakistan, both lactating and pregnant women suffer\nfrom a higher prevalence of malnutrition (16.1%) than their\nnon-pregnant peers (12.5%). It is understood that undernutrition\nreduces a nation\u2019s economic progress by at least 8% resulting in\npoorer cognition, direct productivity losses, and reduced\nschooling. The enormity of children and maternal\nundernutrition in Pakistan is so much so that about one crore\nchildren in Pakistan face stunting, largely due to maternal\nundernutrition (UNICEF, 2022). To cope with this grave\nsituation, in 2014, the World Bank committed 47.95 million US\ndollars to improve the nutritional status of lactating and\npregnant women. A similar situation is prevalent for women and\nchildren in many developing countries (World Bank, 2014).\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2a7363 cmsmasters-block-default cmsmasters-sticky-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2a7363\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maternal undernutrition has been proven to have a profound effect on fetal growth, with body weight and many key organs. It has been reported previously that during the first two weeks of pregnancy, the provision of a 5% protein diet only (undernutrition) led to a reduction in brain weight, size, and cortical thickness of the brain (Gressens et al., 1997). A severe gestational maternal protein restriction in rats caused a reduced number of glomeruli and hypertension in both male and female newborns, this hypertension is salt-sensitive and worsens with age, but is approximately equivalent in males and females (Woods et al., 2004)<\/p>\n<p>Chronic energy deficit or maternal undernutrition means<br \/>having a body mass index (BMI) below 18.5. If the females are<br \/>under-nourished females at the time of conception, then during<br \/>pregnancy (when there are additional demands due to the<br \/>growing fetus), they are unlikely to improve their nutritional<br \/>status. They are more likely to fail to gain sufficient weight<br \/>during pregnancy and are at a higher risk of mortality than wellnourished and healthy women (Smith et al., 2003).<\/p>\n<p>IUGR predisposes developing fetuses to reduced organ and<br \/>body weights. Most information about the long-term and short term effects of IUGR has come from animal models. In recent<br \/>years, many animal models of placental insufficiency and\/or<br \/>poor maternal nutrition have been developed to investigate the<br \/>causes and effects of IUGR. Both maternal dietary<br \/>manipulations and surgical interventions have been employed<br \/>for these studies. A number of animal species have been studied<br \/>for IUGR effects, including rodents, rabbits sheep, and primates<br \/>(Louey et al., 2000; Mitchell et al., 2004; Jonker et al., 2018).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Ukraine war will no doubt follow Mr. Biden during stops in Seoul and Tokyo, hovering over his talks with the leaders.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"audio","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[35],"post_template":[50],"top_category":[],"class_list":["post-24671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-audio","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-complementary-and-alternative-medicine","tag-complementary-and-alternative-medicine","post_format-post-format-audio","post_template-podcast-2","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24671"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27498,"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24671\/revisions\/27498"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24671"},{"taxonomy":"post_template","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_template?post=24671"},{"taxonomy":"top_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/badartrader.com\/lms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/top_category?post=24671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}